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ADHD in Adults - Treatment Options

ADHD is a well-known neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the general population. It is accompanied by high levels of co-morbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and addiction to drugs) and significant social, emotional, and occupational impairments.

Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most frequently prescribed drugs are stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine.

Medicines

Many adults suffering from ADHD have significant improvements in symptoms and functioning due to medications. Due to the many different ways that people react to medications, it is crucial for people with ADHD to find a combination that works best.

Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamines. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults may supplement an immediate-release medication with an extended-release long-acting medicine at least every week to lessen the need to take it frequently throughout the day.

Desipramine and other antidepressants have also been found to be effective in treatment of adults with ADHD. This class of medications can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants to increase their effects. However, they may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, such as a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension.

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as alprazolam and clonidine are also used for the treatment of adults suffering from ADHD. These medications were originally developed to treat hypertension. They have a calming effect and may improve focus and reduce hyperactivity and impulse control in certain adults. These medications can result in very low blood pressure when they suddenly stop, or the dosage is decreased.

Adults with ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy can help them cope with their feelings of shame and embarrassment regarding their ADHD as well as anger towards supervisors, coworkers, teachers and family members who can treat adhd in adults might be a source of criticism or nagging them. Marriage and family counseling is also a great way to help couples with ADHD better understand each other and improve communication.

Behavioral Therapy

One of the main goals of psychosocial therapy for adult ADHD is to help people learn strategies and skills that help improve functioning in daily life. Psychotherapy can also assist people with ADHD to overcome the low self-esteem and feeling of failure that often accompanies this condition.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people change the negative thoughts that create difficulties in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as doing. This short-term, goal-oriented kind of psychotherapy has been found to be effective for a variety of disorders, including depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other treatments or on its own.

CBT could include group therapy, which is particularly helpful for adults with ADHD, as it provides the opportunity to meet others who are facing similar issues and discover how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. One study compared the effects of CBT in comparison to standard therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments produced improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms, and quality of life.

CBT has been studied in comparison to other psychosocial treatments in adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies show significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. These improvements were linked to various modalities that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving and mindfulness meditation.

However, caution is advised in comparing the efficacy of different treatments for adults with ADHD. It is likely that the differences in the results of treatment result from a variety of factors, such as treatment features and the methods employed. A few studies have examined the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a method that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while performing cognitive tasks to determine areas in the brain that there is too much or too little activity. Then, instructing the person to manage these patterns.

Counseling

Many people suffering from undiagnosed adhd in adults treatment have mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these issues, which may contribute to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy approaches which can improve a person’s ability to resolve conflicts and develop lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to change negative behavior and help manage impulsive and self-destructive behaviors which can lead to issues at school or work.

In some instances psychotherapy can be used as an alternative to medications for adult adhd in adults treatment. Patients with co-occurring disorders like depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder should be evaluated to ensure that their symptoms aren't aggravated by the medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, should be treated more aggressively.

If ADHD is serious enough to affect the quality of life and daily functioning intensive outpatient programs could be suggested. These programs provide structured therapy that is more intense than conventional outpatient psychotherapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of cognitive therapy, aids adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive functioning. It helps them identify and express their feelings. It utilizes worksheets and activities to make the learning more interesting. The practice of mindfulness meditation can enhance CBT and enhances the capacity of a person to focus and regulate emotions. It also increases a person's ability to handle anxiety and stress. It helps them deal with anger, sadness, and other difficult feelings which could be contributing to their ADHD.

Occupational Therapy

Adults with ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. In addition to affecting their work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and may lead to financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues will allow you build confidence in yourself and solve the underlying issues. It can also assist you in developing healthy ways of coping.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD, as it teaches them how to change their negative beliefs and behavior. It concentrates on teaching you to use strategies to manage your time and eliminate mental distortions that lead to negative moods and a perception of limited choices.

Many adults with ADHD have anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can diminish or even increase the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first line treatment for adhd in adults and monitor the effect of medication prior to beginning treatment for the other disorder.

Occupational therapy can help you manage your work and life and establish routines that are predictable to manage your money and time and create confidence in yourself. It can also help you learn relaxation methods that may reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. In the same way yoga and other exercises can help you focus better by ensuring your body is stable in various poses.

Counseling for families and marriage can address the issues adults with ADHD often cause their spouses, children and other family members. They often complain of being erratic and unorganized. They are also prone to forget things or make impulsive choices. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you establish healthier relationships. Moreover it can aid you and your loved ones understand that these issues are linked to the patient's ADHD rather than the lack of compassion or refusing to cooperate.

Clinical Trials

Adult ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and addiction disorders. Psychosocial and medication treatments are available as treatments. There are a variety of medications available for adults suffering from ADHD and a few of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the medication.

Adults who suffer from ADHD may experience the same symptoms that children do, but it is difficult to diagnose because childhood symptoms might not persist in adulthood. Additionally, people with ADHD might not have a history of the disorder in their family or may not be aware of having symptoms. A thorough medical history is essential to determine if the symptoms are caused by an illness like thyroid problems or sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning.

Treatments for adults suffering from ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and nonstimulant medications. The stimulants have the highest response rates for adults suffering from ADHD. Their responsiveness rates range between 70 and 70% to 80%. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate may also be administered through a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery during the day.

Adults with ADHD can take nonstimulant medications that act on norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine is the most researched tricyclic and has been shown to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose medication that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is noticed.

Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant that has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist which blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transportationer, increasing its availability in brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and reduce hyperactivity in adults, however it is not as effective as stimulants in improving concentration or cognitive function.